Which components of a class can you access without creating a new instance?

In object-oriented programming, particularly in the context of ABAP, static components of a class are members that belong to the class itself rather than any individual object (instance) of that class. Because static components are defined at the class level, you can access them directly by using the class name without the need to create an instance of that class.

This means that when referencing static components, they are always associated with the class as a whole, making it unnecessary to instantiate the class. For example, if there's a static method or variable in a class called MyClass, you could access it using MyClass::myStaticMethod() or MyClass=>myStaticVariable without creating an object of MyClass.

In contrast, instance components represent properties or methods that are tied to a specific instance of a class. To access instance components, you must create an object of that class and then use that object's reference. This distinction differentiates the way static and instance components are utilized within class-based programming. Thus, the rationale behind accessing static components directly through the class name makes option C the correct choice.